What Causes Kyphosis in Children? How Can It Be Prevented?

This condition, known as kyphosis in medical terms, can develop for various reasons in growing children. While not every instance of kyphosis signifies a serious spinal disease, early detection and expert evaluation are crucial.

Nowadays, factors such as prolonged sitting at a desk, computer and tablet use, and a sedentary lifestyle lead to a more frequent occurrence of postural disorders in children. However, some cases of kyphosis may also be caused by congenital or structural spinal diseases.

What Causes Kyphosis in Children?

Many different factors can play a role in the development of kyphosis in children. The most common causes include:

Poor Posture

Especially in school-aged children, incorrect sitting habits, constantly leaning forward while studying, or using electronic devices can lead to the development of a hunched posture over time. This condition is generally considered a postural disorder and can be corrected early on.

Rapid Growth Period

During adolescence, the inability of muscles to develop at the same rate as rapidly growing bones can lead to temporary postural disorders. Regular exercise and good posture habits are of great importance during this period.

Spinal Diseases

In some children, kyphosis can result from structural abnormalities of the spinal bones. Especially in conditions like Scheuermann's disease, the shape of the vertebrae can change, and general and permanent kyphosis can develop.

Congenital Causes

Anomalies that occur during spinal development in the womb can lead to congenital kyphosis. This condition is usually noticed at an early age and requires regular follow-up.

Neuromuscular Diseases

Neurological or muscular diseases that affect muscle strength can also disrupt the spine's normal posture, leading to the development of kyphosis.

What Are the Symptoms of Kyphosis in Children?

Kyphosis is not always limited to just the appearance of a curved back. The following symptoms may also be observed:

• A noticeably forward-curved appearance of the back
• Shoulders drooping forward
• Back pain when sitting for long periods
• Discomfort in the neck and shoulder area
• Easy fatigue
• Clothes fitting asymmetrically on the body
• Decreased breathing capacity in advanced cases

If one or more of these symptoms are observed, it is recommended to consult an orthopedist or a pediatric orthopedist.

How Is Kyphosis Diagnosed in Children?

During the diagnostic process, a detailed physical examination is performed first. The physician evaluates the child's spinal structure, posture, and shoulder levels. If deemed necessary, an X-ray may be requested to determine the degree of spinal curvature. In some cases, advanced imaging techniques may also be utilized.

Early diagnosis can help prevent the progression of spinal curvatures and enable the creation of an appropriate treatment plan.

How to Prevent Kyphosis in Children?

While not all cases of kyphosis can be prevented, the risk of developing kyphosis, especially that caused by poor posture, can be reduced.

Proper Sitting Habits Should Be Adopted

It is important for children to sit upright in a chair that supports their back while studying, and for the desk and chair height to be appropriate for their stature.

Screen Time Should Be Limited

Spending long periods hunched over a tablet, phone, or computer can negatively affect spinal health. Regular breaks are recommended, and screens should be used at eye level.

Regular Exercise Should Be Done

Swimming, walking, and exercises that strengthen back muscles contribute to spinal support. Physical activity helps children develop muscle strength and adopt proper posture habits.

School Bags Should Be Used Correctly

Heavy school bags can put unnecessary strain on the spine. It is recommended that the bag's weight does not exceed approximately 10-15% of the child's body weight and that it is carried with two shoulder straps.

Regular Health Check-ups Should Not Be Neglected

Regular assessment of spinal development, especially in children during periods of rapid growth, can enable the early detection of potential problems.

How Is Kyphosis Treated in Children?

Treatment is planned according to the cause of kyphosis and the degree of curvature.

For mild postural disorders, posture training, physical therapy applications, and regular exercise may be sufficient. In cases of structural kyphosis, brace treatment may be applied. Surgical treatment options may be considered in situations where the curvature is severe and affects quality of life.

Personalized treatment plans are prepared by Central Hospital orthopedic physicians.

When Should a Doctor Be Consulted?

In the following situations, it is important to seek expert evaluation without delay:

• Increasing prominence of kyphosis
• Persistent back or lower back pain
• Significant difference in shoulder levels
• Restricted movement
• Difficulty breathing
• A family history of spinal curvature