Urinary System Stone Disease

Urinary system stone diseasein the urinary tract accumulation of minerals and crystals to form stones is a disease that occurs with. These stones can form in any area where urine passes:

• renal → kidney stone
• Ureter → ureter stone
• Bladder → bladder stone

Stones usually contain calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine, or phosphate and can grow over time, impeding the flow of urine.

How Does Urinary System Stone Disease Occur?

It occurs as a result of the accumulation of insoluble crystals in the urine and grows over time.

The main reasons

• Insufficient fluid intake
• Warm climate
• Excessive consumption of salt
• The story of stones in the family
• Metabolic diseases (hypercalciuria, hyperuricemia, etc.)
• Urinary tract infections
• Some medicines

Main Symptoms

• Sudden and severe side—back pain (renal colic)
• Blood in the urine
• Nausea, vomiting
• Frequent urination, burning when urinating
• If the stone makes a blockage in the ureter very severe pain
• Fever and chills if there is infection

Why Is It Important?

If not treated:

• To the loss of kidney function
• Recurrent infections
• It can lead to kidney enlargement (hydronephrosis) due to obstruction.

What is URS and RIRS Laser Lithotripsy?

URS (Ureteroorenoscopy) Laser Lithotripsy

URS, which enters through the urethra (urinary canal) to the area where the stone is located along the bladder and ureter made with a thin, rigid-chamber endoscope is a closed stone crushing process.
Stone, holmium or thulium fiber laser is crushed with andif necessary, taken out with special tools.

• More ureter stones is preferred for.
• Upper ureter stones can also be treated with some semi-rigid devices that can reach into the kidney.

RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) — Flexible URS

RIRS is an advanced version of URS. The end part can be bent in this method flexible ureterorenoscope With it enters through the ureter, all chambers inside the kidney are reached.
Kidney stones are broken with a laser, and fragments are removed or ground into powder.

• More kidney stones (especially up to 2 cm) is preferred for.
• It can reach even the most difficult areas of the kidney.

Advantages of URS

No incision — completely closed method

No incisions are made on the skin; it is applied by entering it through the urinary canal.

Very high success in ureteral stones

Especially in the lower, middle and upper ureteral stones, the success rate in a single session is very high.

Fast recovery

Usually on the same day or the next day of discharge, a return to everyday life is possible within 2—3 days.

Effective on hard stones that cannot be broken with ESWL

Since any type of stone can be broken by laser, the hardness of the stone does not affect the success.

Alternative in cases such as pregnancy, obesity

It is a safe method of treatment in patients for whom ESWL is not suitable.

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Advantages of RIRS

Ability to reach all parts of the kidney (flexible camera)

All chambers of the kidney are accessible, including the lower pole. This property makes RIRS very effective in kidney stones.

High success in kidney stones up to 2 cm

According to its size and location, it is possible to completely clean the stone in one session.

No holes in the skin — less invasive than PCNL

Since no holes are made in the kidney from the outside, the risk of bleeding and pain is quite low.

Fast recovery and short hospital stay

Most patients are discharged the same day or the next day.

Also safe in patients who have previously undergone stone surgery

It offers an effective option in case of anatomical difficulties or recurrent stones.

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BEAR: It is the most effective closed method of treatment for ureteral stones.
RRRS: It is the most advanced, safe and high success rate closed method in kidney stones.

Both methods are applied by laser lithotripsy, they are completely closed, recovery is rapid and forms the basis of modern stone surgery.